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This is a list of retronyms used in English language, which are terms renamed after something similar but newer has come into being.〔 ==Retronymic adjectives== ; ''Analog(ue)'' : Describes non-digital devices: * ''Analog clock'': Before digital clocks, most clocks had faces and hands. See also: Analog watch. * ''Analog synthesizer'': Before synthesizers contained microchips, every stage of the internal electronic signal flow was analogous to a sound that would eventually be produced at the output stage, and this sound was shaped and altered as it passed through each filter and envelope. * ''Analog watch'': Before the advent of the digital watch, all watches had faces and hands. After the advent of the digital watch, watches with faces and hands became known as analog watches. *''Analog recording'' ; ''Conventional'', ''classic'', or ''traditional'' : Describes devices or methods that have been largely replaced or significantly supplemented by new ones. For example, ''conventional'' (non-microwave) ''oven'', or ''conventional weapon'' (one which does not incorporate chemical, biological or nuclear payloads). * ''Classic Leave It To Beaver'' : Used to distinguish the original series of the classic sitcom from the 1980s sequel, ''The New Leave It To Beaver''. This retronym was used by TBS when both of these shows aired. * ''Coca-Cola Classic'' : Originally called Coca-Cola, the name was changed when the original recipe was reintroduced after New Coke failed to catch on. This is an example of a retronym officially coined by a product's manufacturer. *''Conventional airplane'' : In the late 1940s and early 1950s, this term was used to distinguish piston-engined aircraft from the new jet types. *''Conventional landing gear'' : Term used in the 1940s to distinguish the traditional landing gear arrangement of two main wheels and a tail wheel (what is today called the "tail-dragger" type) from the newly introduced tricycle landing gear (two main wheels and a nose wheel). * ''Conventional memory'' : term coined when MS-DOS and other operating systems for the IBM PC and other IBM-like x86 machines went over the 640k memory limit with tricks to access extra memory with different code to address it. * ''Conventional oven'' : Before the development of the microwave oven, this term was not used. Now it is commonly found in cooking instructions for prepared foods. * ''Conventional war'' : Before the development of nuclear weapons, this term was not used. (''War'', Gwynne Dyer) * ''iPod classic (formerly iPod Video)'' : The original iPod in its latest generation has now been officially called the iPod classic, as every other iPod model currently uses a suffix to define itself. * ''Traditional braces'' : Used to refer to braces that are metal and crafted by hand, as opposed to SureSmile, Invisalign, and other new technologies. * "Traditional Chinese characters" : Used to contrast between Simplified Chinese characters. ; ''Civilian'' : Used to refer to items that are not of military quality or for military use, to differentiate them from the military version. ; ''First'' : Used when there is a second, third, fourth, etc. version/incarnation of something. This is not always a retronym, e.g. in the case of rulers. ; ''I'', ''Senior'', '' the Elder'' : When a dynastic ruler has or adopts the same name as a predecessor, the original is often retrospectively given the Roman numeral ''I'' if he didn't already use one in his lifetime. For example, the Dutch prince William I of Orange was just William during his lifetime. In the United States, names (typically of males) may also follow this convention, or the father may be given the suffix ''Senior'' (''Sr.''), with ''Junior'' (''Jr.'') for the son; Roman numerals would be used if the name is repeated again. ; ''I'' or ''1'', also ''part 1'', ''version 1'', etc. : Also sometimes used to refer to the first incarnation of a movie, video game, etc. after sequels have been created, although such works are seldom renamed in this way officially. When Sony released the PlayStation 2, a redesigned version of the original PlayStation was also released under the name PSone. However, the word "One" doesn't always refer to version 1 of a product, such as in Xbox One. ; ''Manual'' : Used to distinguish from automatic or electric versions. * ''Manual transmissions'' in vehicles were just called "transmissions" until the invention of automatic transmissions. Sometimes they are called "standard" transmissions, but that adjective has become a misnomer in the United States since automatic transmissions have become the standard feature for most models today. * ''Manual typewriters'' were likewise just called "typewriters" until the invention of electric typewriters. ; ''Old'' : *Naturally used when there is officially a "new" version of anything, to refer to the previous version. For example, when British money was decimalised and the ''new penny'' of 1/100 pound was adopted, the previous penny of 1/240 pound became known as the old penny. *''Old-fashioned'' refers to any practice which is no longer customary, such as dress sense, hairstyle or wording, as opposed to ''(the) fashion'', which refers to anything which is at present customary. The English word ''tuppence'' was, as mentioned above, the equivalent of two old pennies, and is now known as ''two pence''. By the very definition of old-fashioned, if anyone were to use the word ''tuppence'' in conversation, only older people may understand it. ; ''Offline'' : Computer users will sometimes agree to meet ''offline'', i.e. face to face as opposed to ''online'' in an Internet-based chat room or other such means of electronic communication. Before the Internet became widely used, this was of course the only way to "meet" someone and the term ''to meet offline'' was unheard of. ; ''Real'' : Often used in a derogatory manner to signify that the original product is the "real" product, as if the new alternative is "fake." For example, "Real instruments" for instruments other than the synth; "Real car" for a gas-burning car, as opposed to a Tesla. ; ''Regular'' or ''plain'' : Used to refer to an original product after line-extensions are released. For example, one could formerly just ask for a Pepsi. But with the advent of multiple line-extensions like Diet Pepsi or Pepsi Max, one might ask for a ''regular'' Pepsi when one wants the original drink. Similarly, ''regular'' Oreo cookies were called that after Double Stuf Oreos and other varieties were released. Another example is in the United States regular gasoline (petrol or petroleum spirit outside the U.S.) has now come to mean 87 octane-rated unleaded (ratings in other countries vary). In the United States almost all gasoline had tetraethyl lead additive and was sold as either regular gasoline (octane rating of 89) or high test (octane ratings of 91 or higher) until leaded petrol was phased out starting in the late 1970s when all new cars made since 1975 had catalytic converters. * ''Plain M&M's'': Plain M&M's candies (now ''Milk Chocolate'') would not have been called that until 1954, when Peanut M&M's were introduced. * ''Plain old telephone service (POTS)'': The term refers to the telephone service still available after the advent of more advanced forms of telephony, such as ISDN, mobile phones, and VoIP * ''Plain text'': Before word processing programs for computers with functions such as support for multiple fonts, underlining, bold/italic and other function came along, text files were simply just known as text. * ''Farmall Regular'' : As explained at Farmall tractor, the name ''Farmall'' began as a model name but became a sub-brand name as additional models were developed. * ''Regular coffee'' : The development of decaffeinated coffee led to this coinage. ;''Tabletop'': Used to describe the original version of a board game or role-playing game once a video game version has been released. ; ''Vanilla'' : Used to describe an unaltered, plain version of an item, most often in reference to software. For example, in computer games with expansion packs, it is used to distinguish the original version from subsequent versions, especially when the original game does not have a subtitle. For example, ''World of Warcraft'' could refer to either the original game or one of the four expansion packs, so users may refer to the original as "vanilla" to distinguish it from the subsequent versions. ; ''Wet'' : is used to differentiate between handwritten ink signatures - a ''wet signature'', for example with a pen on paper and their more modern electronic signature equivalents. ; ''Wired'' : ''Wired'' or ''hardwired'' refer to products such as telephones, headphones, speakers, computer accessories, etc., which are now available in wireless versions. ''Wireless telegraphy'' and ''wireless telephony'' were some of the first applications of radio technology, way back in the 1910s and 1920s; "wireless" as a noun today is sometimes simply a synonym for "mobile phone service"/"cell phone service". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of retronyms」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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